论文题目：星期制在晚清上海的传播与实践——以新式学校为例

专业：中国史

硕士生：肖雨佳

指导教师：吴义雄教授

中文提要：

星期制是当今社会人们习以为常并自觉遵守的时间制度。其重要价值在于，通过区分工作和休息时间，形成一种循环式的时间节奏。但在近代中国，星期制在中外交往的背景下进入中国社会，国人对星期制的接受，实际历经了一个长期且复杂的过程。

本文运用社会文化史的方法，对晚清时期国人所创立之沪埠新式学校的星期制进行了考察。在晚清语境中，“星期”具有二元性内涵，同时包括七日为单位的纪日制度和“七日一休息”的作息节律。文章首先追溯“星期”词义之变化及中西时间传统，论述星期制在沪埠社会传播的情形，进而为国人新办学校接纳该时间制度提供背景性说明。其后，通过历时性分析，本文试图呈现自洋务运动至辛亥革命期间，星期制在国人创办新式学校的实践情况。1863至1901年间，新式学校在维持本土时间观念的同时，与外来时间模式进行初步调适，并以特定路径与学校场域外的社会产生互动；至清末学制改革时期，沪地新式学校遵照章程规定，教学和休息时间均以星期节律为准，不仅规范了教学时间的标准化编排，更通过“星期休息”重构师生课余生活节奏。

通过本文讨论可知，在晚清上海的新式学校中，因外来教育模式和知识传入的影响，国人办学者基本采纳星期制度，并在时间安排上总体趋于精细化。由此产生的影响是，教习和学生的作息节奏乃至学习生活正集体走向同步化。这为晚清上海教育转型问题提供侧面印证，也为观察近代上海时间制度和观念变迁提供了微观视角。

英文提要：

The seven-day week system, now a taken-for-granted temporal regime in modern society, derives its significance from structuring cyclical rhythms through the division of work and rest. However, in modern China, the week system was gradually known with interaction between Chinese and Western culture, and it is a long and complicated process to be accepted by Chinese common people.

Employing a horticulturalist historical approach, this study examines how the week system was adopted in new-style schools for Chinese in late Qing Shanghai. The concept of "Xingqi" (week) in late Qing dynasty carried two different meanings, the seven-day calendrical framework and the "Sunday off" rhythm. The study first traces the concept of "Xingqi" and the Sino-Western time traditions, then analyzes the dissemination of the weekly system in Shanghai's urban society, providing contextual background for explaining why Chinese educators adopted this temporal framework in newly established schools. In terms of chronology, the study then traces the practice of the week system in Chinese new-style schools from the Self-Strengthening Movement to the Xinhai Revolution. Between 1863 and 1901, the new-style schools maintained indigenous temporal frameworks while adapting to foreign temporal models, developing specific pathways of interaction with society. During the educational system reforms, Shanghai's new-style schools made their academic schedules based on official regulations, both in instructional and rest with the weekly rhythm. This not only standardized the organization of academic time but also restructured the temporal patterns of teachers' and students' extracurricular lives through "weekly rest days".

The observations made in this study suggest that, influenced by the foreign educational system and knowledge in the late Qing period, the Chinese new-style schools in Shanghai fundamentally adopted the weekly schedule. Their increasingly refined temporal arrangements witnessed the collective synchronization of teachers' and students' daily rhythms and academic lives. These findings not only provide supplementary evidence for understanding Shanghai's educational transformation, but also offer a microhistorical perspective for observing the evolution of temporal regimes and conceptions in modern Shanghai.