論文中文題名：

《國共政爭下廣東信宜縣的基層保安與官民互動（1945—1949）》

論文英文題名：

Grassroots Security and State-Society Interaction in Xinyi, Guangdong:

Local Governance Amidst the Kuomintang-Communist Political Struggle (1945–1949)

 

摘要

 

抗日戰爭勝利後，國共雙方的政治問題再次成為時代的主題。為配合國民黨發動內戰，廣東地區大量武裝人員被調往東北、華北前線，南路地區武裝空虛，國民政府不得不對地方保安團隊進行擴充和整編。本文以信宜縣為例，揭示國民黨政權在統治的大後方，竭力防範共產黨勢力向地方滲透，基層保安系統的政治博弈內情。

信宜縣政府嘗試借助保甲以落實日常基層保安問題，依靠民眾自衛隊補充保安力量，通過聯防連保連坐的模式，使鄉鄰之間互相監督，借助鄉鎮保甲長落實防範共產黨的任務。然而部分鄉保負責人卻借此專形挾勢，脅迫鄉民，大行貪污勒索。同時中共方面在此地執行統一戰線政策，有許多同情和支持革命的鄉鎮保甲長被爭取到中共一邊，在原崗位上從事地下工作。

隨著解放戰爭的順利推進，國民政府迫於形勢宣佈國家進入“動員戡亂時期”。為從民間汲取更多資源，國民政府的社會控制手段漸趨嚴密，白色恐怖在信宜愈演愈烈。在縣政府“寧濫勿缺”的保安方針之下，被指認為“共產黨員”者往往會面臨長期的政治審查甚至遭受牢獄之災。在此情況下，鄉民紛紛在私人糾紛中引入公權力介入，指認其為“共產黨員”成為攻訐對方的一種有效手段。信宜縣政府構建的“限制共產黨活動辦法”在基層實踐層面，亂象頻發，反映國民黨基層政權正瀕臨崩潰。

 

關鍵字：廣東信宜  保甲  基層保安  自新 

Abstract

Following the victory of the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression, the political confrontation between the Kuomintang(KMT) and the Communist Party of China（CPC） reemerged as the central issue of the period. To facilitate its preparation for the Chinese Civil War, the KMT government redeployed a large number of armed forces from Guangdong Province to the frontlines in North and Northeast China, resulting in a severe military deficiency in Southern Guangdong. The government was compelled to expand and reorganize local security forces.Taking Xinyi County as a case study, this paper examines how the KMT regime in its controlled rear areas endeavored to prevent the infiltration of CPC forces into local administrations, while revealing the intricate political dynamics within grassroots security systems during this process.

The Xinyi County Government enforced routine grassroots security governance by relying on the Bao-Jia system, supplemented local defense strength with civilian self-defense teams, and implemented a joint supervision and collective liability mechanism to impose mutual surveillance among villagers, assigning township and Bao-Jia administrators the core task of preventing CPC grassroots expansion.However, some officials abused their authority to coerce villagers, engaging in corruption and extortion. Meanwhile, the Communists pursued a united front policy in the region, successfully winning over township leaders and “Bao-Jia” chiefs who sympathized with the revolutionary cause. These progressive grassroots personnel conducted underground operations while retaining their official positions.

With the steady advancement of the Liberation War, the Nationalist government officially proclaimed the commencement of the “Period of Mobilization for Suppressing Rebellion” under escalating political and military pressure. To extract greater resources from civilian society, the regime intensified social control mechanisms within its remaining territories. Xinyi witnessed escalating political repression during this phase, a phenomenon commonly termed the "White Terror" in historical discourse.Under the Xinyi county government's stringent security policies, individuals identified as offenders often faced prolonged investigations and even imprisonment. In such circumstances, villagers increasingly resorted to invoking public authority in private disputes, where labeling someone as "communist" had become an effective tactic to attack opponents. The " Communist Party of China Activity Restriction Measures" established by Xinyi County Government at the grassroots level were plagued by institutional chaos, exposing the KMT's crumbling local governance structures on the brink of systemic collapse.

 

 

Keywords: Xinyi,Guangdong；Bao-Jia；Grassroots Security;  Zixin